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城市与区域一体化的出行需求分析
关键词：regional transport　　urban transport　　travel demand　　external trip
区域交通出行与城市交通出行的区别很大,进行区域交通需求分析时并不能简单套用传统的四阶段法之类的城市交通需求模型,而应以城市为中心,与区域的交通需求作一体化的分析.基于此,针对区内主通道上这一层次的出行需求,将城市市区与区域主要节点的对外出行作为城市市区各交通小区与区域主要节点各交通小区之间交通联系的媒介,提出了城市与区域一体化的出行需求分析的系统框架及技术路线,构建了对外出行需求分析的模型体系,并对对外出行的发生吸引、目的地选择和“方式—路径”选择等关键技法进行了阐述和说明,以期为我国区域交通建设项目的规划提供相关理论与方法的支持.
Effects of the Number of Lanes on Highway Capacity
关键词：empirical research　　highway capacity　　lane change　　number of lanes
This paper attempts to investigate the impact of the number of lanes on highway capacity.Methodologically, we provide a better understanding of the relationship between highway capacity and its number of lanes upon the statistical analysis of the survey. The empirical research is validated upon the extensive field survey of traffic flow in Beijing and Shanghai. The findings show that average capacity per lane decreases significantly as the number of lanes increases. Moreover, it indicated that the increase of lane-changing activity and its associated disturbance to traffic stream is the principal factor of the decrease of average capacity per lane on highways. The implication of the marginal decrease requires that the manuals of highway capacity should be revised for the better plan and design of road network. In addition, the factor of the decrease should be incorporated into the decision on adding lanes or constructing a new parallel road when travel demand exceeds road capacity.

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